South America Bureau — Perthshire Energy Desk

Cross-spectrum energy briefings from 9 country desks across South America.

• Argentina — Vaca Muerta shale; YPF; lithium triangle.
• Bolivia — Lithium reserves; YPFB gas decline.
• Brazil — Petrobras pre-salt; ethanol fleet; Itaipu hydropower.
• Chile — Lithium triangle; Atacama solar; green hydrogen pilots.
• Colombia — Ecopetrol; coal exports; offshore Caribbean gas (Sirius).
• Ecuador — Yasuní vote; hydropower-dependent grid.
• Guyana — Stabroek block; Liza, Payara; ExxonMobil-led ramp to >1 mb/d.
• Peru — Camisea gas; Quellaveco copper power demand.
• Venezuela — PDVSA; sanctioned heavy crude; Chevron exception.